Edit File: ervers

SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K. h H Display this help. q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- MMOOVVIINNGG e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). ESC-) RightArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions). ESC-( LeftArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions). ESC-} ^RightArrow Right to last column displayed. ESC-{ ^LeftArrow Left to first column. F Forward forever; like "tail -f". ESC-F Like F but stop when search pattern is found. r ^R ^L Repaint screen. R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. --------------------------------------------------- Default "window" is the screen height. Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. &_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Display only matching lines --------------------------------------------------- A search pattern may be preceded by one or more of: ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- JJUUMMPPIINNGG g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag. T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag. { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_> --------------------------------------------------- Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current top line with <letter>. M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current bottom line with <letter>. '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. '' Go to the previous position. ^X^X Same as '. ESC-M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Clear a mark. --------------------------------------------------- A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. Certain marks are predefined: ^ means beginning of the file $ means end of the file --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. ^X^V Same as :e. :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. :d Delete the current file from the command line list. = ^G :f Print current file name. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. s _f_i_l_e Save input to a file. v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. V Print version number of "less". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- OOPPTTIIOONNSS Most options may be changed either on the command line, or from within less by using the - or -- command. Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --. -? ........ --help Display help (from command line). -a ........ --search-skip-screen Search skips current screen. -A ........ --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN Search starts just after target line. -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] Number of buffers. -B ........ --auto-buffers Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. -c -C .... --clear-screen --CLEAR-SCREEN Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling. -d ........ --dumb Dumb terminal. -D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF Quit at end of file. -f ........ --force Force open non-regular files. -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen Quit if entire file fits on first screen. -g ........ --hilite-search Highlight only last match for searches. -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH Don't highlight any matches for searches. --old-bot Revert to the old bottom of screen behavior. -h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N] Backward scroll limit. -i ........ --ignore-case Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE Ignore case in all searches. -j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N] Screen position of target lines. -J ........ --status-column Display a status column at left edge of screen. -k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e] Use a lesskey file. -K --quit-on-intr Exit less in response to ctrl-C. -L ........ --no-lessopen Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable. -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT Set prompt style. -n ........ --line-numbers Don't use line numbers. -N ........ --LINE-NUMBERS Use line numbers. -o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e] Copy to log file (standard input only). -O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e] Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). -p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] Start at pattern (from command line). -P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t] Define new prompt. -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT Quiet the terminal bell. -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS Output "raw" control characters. -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines Squeeze multiple blank lines. -S ........ --chop-long-lines Chop (truncate) long lines rather than wrapping. -t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g] Find a tag. -T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] Use an alternate tags file. -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL Change handling of backspaces. -V ........ --version Display the version number of "less". -w ........ --hilite-unread Highlight first new line after forward-screen. -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD Highlight first new line after any forward movement. -x [_N[,...]] --tabs=[_N[,...]] Set tab stops. -X ........ --no-init Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. -y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N] Forward scroll limit. -z [_N] .... --window=[_N] Set size of window. -" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]] Set shell quote characters. -~ ........ --tilde Don't display tildes after end of file. -# [_N] .... --shift=[_N] Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width) ........ --no-keypad Don't send termcap keypad init/deinit strings. ........ --follow-name The F command changes files if the input file is renamed. ........ --use-backslash Subsequent options use backslash as escape char. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG These keys can be used to edit text being entered on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen. RightArrow ..................... ESC-l ... Move cursor right one character. LeftArrow ...................... ESC-h ... Move cursor left one character. ctrl-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w ... Move cursor right one word. ctrl-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b ... Move cursor left one word. HOME ........................... ESC-0 ... Move cursor to start of line. END ............................ ESC-$ ... Move cursor to end of line. BACKSPACE ................................ Delete char to left of cursor. DELETE ......................... ESC-x ... Delete char under cursor. ctrl-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE ........... Delete word to left of cursor. ctrl-DELETE .... ESC-DELETE .... ESC-X ... Delete word under cursor. ctrl-U ......... ESC (MS-DOS only) ....... Delete entire line. UpArrow ........................ ESC-k ... Retrieve previous command line. DownArrow ...................... ESC-j ... Retrieve next command line. TAB ...................................... Complete filename & cycle. SHIFT-TAB ...................... ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle. ctrl-L ................................... Complete filename, list all.
Save Cancel